Australia Skilled Migration Points: 189 vs 190 vs 491
21 June 2026 · 5 min read
Australia's skilled visas (subclasses 189, 190 and 491) use a single points test. You need at least 65 points to be invited, though the real cut-off for in-demand occupations is often well above that.
Where the points come from
- Age (max 30): peaks at 25-32 and drops to zero at 45.
- English (max 20): Competent scores 0, Proficient 10, Superior 20, so language is a big, controllable lever.
- Skilled work experience (capped at 20 combined overseas and Australian).
- Qualifications (max 20 for a doctorate), plus extras: a STEM master's/PhD in Australia, a professional year, a credentialled community language, or regional study.
189 vs 190 vs 491
The subclass changes one thing in the points test, the nomination component:
- 189 (Skilled Independent): no nomination, 0 extra points, but no strings, it's permanent residence directly.
- 190 (State/Territory Nominated): +5 points, in exchange for a commitment to that state.
- 491 (Regional): +15 points, the biggest boost, but it's a provisional visa tied to a regional area first.
If you're a few points short of competitive, state or regional nomination is usually the fastest way to close the gap.
This article is general information to help you plan, not legal advice. Figures change often, always confirm the current rules on the official government source. For case-specific guidance, consult a licensed immigration professional.